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They supported mounting a large-scale thrust directly against the Japanese homeland, with none of the side operations that the Navy had suggested. Army, on the other hand, argued that such a strategy could 'prolong the war indefinitely' and expend lives needlessly, and therefore that an invasion was necessary.

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Army Air Forces a series of forward airbases from which to bombard Japan into submission. They proposed operations to capture airbases in nearby Shanghai, China, and Korea, which would give the U.S. Navy urged the use of blockade and airpower to bring about Japan's capitulation. Instead, at the Quebec conference, the Combined Chiefs of Staff agreed that Japan should be forced to surrender not more than one year after Germany's surrender. The American Joint Chiefs of Staff believed that prolonging the war to such an extent was dangerous for national morale. Prior to the 1943 Quebec Conference, a joint British-American planning team produced a plan ('Appreciation and Plan for the Defeat of Japan') which did not call for an invasion of the Japanese home islands until 1947–1948.

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The planners' primary considerations were time and casualties–namely how to force Japan's surrender as quickly as possible, with as few Allied casualties as possible. Ultimately, the Navy partially conceded, and MacArthur was to have total command of all forces, should circumstances made the invasion necessary. Army wanted MacArthur-was so serious that it threatened to derail planning. Inter-service squabbling over who the Commander should be-the U.S. A unified command was deemed necessary for an invasion of Japan. Allied command was divided into regions: By 1945, for example, Chester Nimitz was Allied C-in-C Pacific Ocean Areas, while Douglas MacArthur was Supreme Allied Commander, South West Pacific Area. Throughout the Pacific War, and unlike the European theater, the Allies were unable to agree on a single Commander-in-Chief (C-in-C). At the time, the development of the atomic bomb was a very closely guarded secret known only to a few top officials outside the Manhattan Project, and planning for the invasion of Japan did not take its existence into consideration. Leahy, and Generals of the Army George Marshall and Hap Arnold (the latter had a background in the U.S. commanders: Fleet Admiral Chester Nimitz, General of the Army Douglas MacArthur and the Joint Chiefs of Staff–Fleet Admirals Ernest King and William D. Responsibility for planning Operation Downfall fell to the U.S.

The Japanese planned an all-out defense of Kyūshū, with little left in reserve for any subsequent defense operations.Īir raids – Volcano & Ryukyu Is – Tokyo – Starvation – Tokyo Bay – Kure – Downfall – Hiroshima & Nagasaki – Kurils Japan's geography made this invasion plan obvious to the Japanese as well they were able to accurately predict the Allied invasion plans and adjust their defensive plan, Operation Ketsugō, accordingly.

Airbases on Kyūshū captured in Operation Olympic would allow land-based air support for Operation Coronet. Later, in the spring of 1946, Operation Coronet, was the planned invasion of the Kantō plain near Tokyo on the Japanese island of Honshū. Set to begin in October 1945, Operation Olympic was intended to capture the southern third of the southernmost main Japanese island of Kyūshū, with the recently captured island of Okinawa to be used as a staging area. Operation Downfall consisted of two parts- Operation Olympic and Operation Coronet. The operation was canceled when Japan surrendered following the atomic bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, and the Soviet Union's declaration of war against Japan. Operation Downfall was the overall Allied plan for the invasion of Japan near the end of World War II.

(2) Coronet-the invasion of the main island, Honshū.Ĭancelled after Japan surrendered in August 1945 (1) Olympic-the invasion of the southern island, Kyūshū,

(but not other Allied) ground forces scheduled to take part in the battle for Japan.

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